Journalism ethics: social media Tweets a lesson to its electronic counterpart

Posted on April 22, 2012 by Amar

As a relative of a Bhoja Air crash victim mourns, television reporters thrust their mikes in his face to get some ‘sensational sobs’. Reuters

Amar Guriro

KARACHI - While the electronic media broadcasted special programmes on the tragic Bhoja Air crash, criticising the airline administration, government authorities and other airliner companies for the second day running, on the social front, celebrities, senior journalists and intellectuals vehemently disapproved of the television channels live coverage of graphic scenes at the crash site.

There were no survivors as the Bhoja Air flight B737-200 travelling from Karachi to Islamabad carrying 121 passengers and six crew members crashed near the Islamabad airport on Friday evening.
After the news broke, private television channels raced to the scene broadcasting live coverage of the crash site, showing the aircraft wreckage, the blood splattered around and even the body parts of the victims strewn all over the place.
On the micro-blogging platform of Twitter, many people tweeted under the media hashtag (#Media), about the electronic media’s irresponsible behaviour and tried to remind the Pakistani channels of the journalistic ethics regarding any news story.

Those on another famous social networking website, Facebook, were also vocal about the trend of showing graphic content by the private television channels to grab viewers.

On Twitter, Oscar-winning filmmaker Sharmeen Obaid Chinoy suggested that the media should only be allowed till a specific area of the incident and briefed by the officials concerned. She also said that the crash site should have been cordoned off by the authorities. “There are ways to cover a plane crash or any other tragedy, for which sensitive training is desperately needed and we [media persons] must have some ethics,” tweeted Chinoy. One of her friends’ mother was also onboard the doomed airplane.
Criticising the “notorious” question of television journalists right after any tragedy about how the victims’ family members feel, the ‘Saving Face’ co-director tweeted: “Give the poor families some time to process… its barely been an hour since the plane crashed; why are you asking how they feel… obviously, devastated.” She added: “Showing dead bodies is not news or journalism and news organisations need training on sensitivity and humanity.”

The filmmaker was of the view that producers in newsrooms need extra training. “Stop forcing your journalists to get images of dead bodies,” she said. Chinoy said that there is no “news” in dead bodies and animated images of a plane crashing on television. “For goodness sake have a bloody heart. This is why I keep harping on about journalistic training – nowhere in the world are cameras shoved in the face of grieving families,” she tweeted.

Seasoned print journalist Mahim Maher tweeted: “Today I was glad I don’t work for TV #BhojaAir print must show restraint.”

Quoting the late US Supreme Court justice Potter Stewart, journalist Zainab Imam said: “Ethics is knowing the difference between what you have a right to do and what is right to do.”

Criticising the Pakistani electronic media, a Pakistani blogger based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia said: “These channel walahs are bunch of immature idiots and need to learn especially from the Indians.”
Elsewhere, as the nations mourned the aviation tragedy, a private channel was broadcasting a programme on “mangled bangles” after the crash.

Expressing anger over the programme televised by ARY News, renowned documentary filmmaker, artist and journalist Beena Sarwar tweeted: “Mangled bangles and shoes of women on ARY… Imagine seeing your loved ones’ possessions on TV like this.”

Senior journalists also exchanged emails on different internet-based media groups highlighting the ethical violations made by Pakistani electronic media while reporting the air crash.  Afia Salam said that all of the Pakistani media is “seth-owned” and unless and until the corporate ethos flow from the top, not even media managers or gatekeepers can implement code of conduct. She said the media needs to be responsible and ethical in reporting. “Any disaster or emergency does not give a license to the media persons to bypass the code of conduct,” she stated in an email over a web-based group.
Electronic media journalist Mazhar Abbas, however, defended the television channels. He said that everyone knows that to implement any code of conduct effectively, the consent of all heads of the channels is needed. “Till that time, all professionals must try to follow the basic journalistic ethics and it is not confined to electronic but the print media as well,” he stated.

Abbas said that it is very important to know how such events are reported. “Basic standard journalistic ethical codes were violated [in the Bhoja Air crash case]. It is high time that media managers must address these issues,” he said.

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In feudal Sindh, Zohra Bibi challenges status quo

Posted on April 21, 2012 by Amar

Amar Guriro

KARACHI

Being a woman in the northern districts of Sindh – notorious for being the hub of tribal and feudal lords – is not an easy thing.

Most of them are not allowed to roam freely or take active part in politics or social work. These districts are home to the infamous bandits of former dictator Ziaul Haq’s rule and the majority of the province’s women, who fall victim to honour killing or karo-kari. The small village of Chaho Labano of the Wazirabad union council in the Shikarpur district could be counted as one of the most dangerous villages for women. But Zohra Bibi, a resident of this village who comes from a poor family and was forced to stay illiterate her entire life, struggled to set an example for the women of these districts by becoming the Florence Nightingale of the development sector.

Sandwiched between the villages of Mahar sardars (chieftains) and Jatoi sardars, two very powerful tribes of the area, is her village of Chaho Labano.  Until a few years ago, she could not have even imagined that she would one day stand tall and become a community leader in her village. But today, she is the leader of 22 community organisations (COs) comprising 323 women from the nearby areas.

A few months ago, Zohra had received an invitation from the Rural Support Programme Network to attend the Local Support Organisation (LSO) Convention in Islamabad along with other activists from all across Pakistan. For the first time in her life, she was travelling out of the district and that too by an airplane.

“During the convention, I met the wife of an elected representative of my area and when I introduced myself, she was shocked and surprised,” recalled Zohra. Zohra briefed her about how she had organised the women of her village and was going to participate in a convention where female participants from different areas of the country were coming to share their experiences.

“The lady was very impressed with my simplicity, devotion, courage and commitment to my cause. I invited her to visit my village, and with her support, I have now organised the villages of the Mahar and Jatoi tribes,” said Zohra. This was her first step in organising the women of these areas, where being a woman is nothing less than a crime.

The attitude and behaviour of the Mahar and Jatoi communities towards her kin has also changed. She has taken all the responsibilities of her village on her shoulders. A young boy of her village was killed during a cattle robbery. She persuaded the Village Organisation (VO) to set up a community-based security system for their village.

It was decided that six posts around the village would be established where three male volunteers would be deployed at each post. The villagers and their cattle and other valuables are safer now because of the initiative of Zohra. Zohra then turned her focus towards education. The only school in the village was not properly functioning. The VO arranged for the teaching staff and now the school is functional.

Many such stories are emerging every day from the northern part of Sindh where women are commonly treated as sub-humans. They are killed in the name of honour for even speaking to a man not related to them. But things have started changing. With the support of the provincial government, the Sindh Rural Support Organisation (SRSO) has organised 267,544 women into 15,630 COs clustered into 5,294 VOs and federated into 41 LSOs in three districts of northern Sindh under the Union Council-Based Poverty Reduction Programme (UCBPRP).

Their level of confidence and dynamism in terms of leadership and involvement in self and community development and improvement has to be seen to be believed. At the newly opened outlet of the products of the COs in Sukkur Bazaar, when someone asked the women present there who their manager was, they received the response: “What manager? We are the managers! We manage our shops!”

The UCBPRP was first initiated in the Shikarpur and Kandhkot-Kashmore districts, and after analysing the performance in these districts, the provincial government initiated this programme in the Jacobabad district in June 2010. The programme aims at improving the quality of life of the rural communities, especially of the poorest of the poor, through the conceptual package of social mobilisation, organising them into “organisations of the poor” at community, village and union council levels.

In the beginning, the SRSO conducted the Poverty Score Card exercise in 166 union councils of these three districts to identify the poor and the poorest. As all these women have no experience of conducting meetings, record-keeping or maintaining registers of their proceedings and accounts, training for capacity-building of the office-bearers of the COs, VOs and LSOs is one of the components of this programme because these organisations cannot effectively function without that.

Some 153,189 members of various COs, 35,496 of VOs and 371 of LSOs, as well as their office-bearers are trained in management and record keeping of Community Investment Fund (CIF). These organisations have not only empowered the most neglected section of the society – women – but also made positive impacts on the social fabric of the society.

Nasim is the elected head of her organisation of her village Mudd Khoso. Their tribe was in conflict over a piece of land with the other tribe residing in their neighbourhood. That feud has taken the lives of 38 people on both sides. Nasim took the initiative and led a delegation of women of her tribe. They went to the houses of their rival tribe and invited their women to join their organisations. They replied: “The males of your tribe will kill our women if we come to your houses.” But Nasim and hercolleagues took the responsibility of their security.

When those women came to Nasim’s house, they were given a lot of respect. Then these women belonging to both tribes compelled their males to settle their feuds. The bone of contention, the piece of land, was eventually distributed among the families of those killed in the conflict.  The UCBPRP also includes a component whereby the youth from economically and chronically poor segments of the society are provided scholarships for receiving training in vocational skills. Under this component of the programme, 29,547 participants have been trained in different trades. After being trained, many of them have opened up motor rewinding workshops, refrigerator and mobile repairing shops, beauty parlours, etc.

The Craft Enterprise initiative is for capacity-building of the skilled people of the area, development of their products and designing marketing strategies to enable these marginalised craftswomen to have access to local, national and international markets.

Orders of up to Rs 133,409 were placed last month for different products manufactured by the craftswomen of the Kandhkot, Shikarpur and Khairpur districts.

The poorest of the poor, including widows and people living with chronic disabilities, are provided grants to purchase livestock or anything that could help them generate income on a regular basis. It has helped so many people to step out of the shadows. The Income-Generating Grant has been given to 5,640 members.

The most effective, powerful and result-oriented intervention of this project is setting up of a village-based revolving fund at the community level. This fund, the CIF, provides interest-free loans to the members of the COs for investment.

This fund has a very encouraging impact on the lives of the common people and has saved them money that they used to pay as huge interests for their agricultural inputs and other things. Almost 75,000 women have benefited from this fund. It is organised by their COs.

 

The VOs are to be given schemes of sanitation and drinking water supply as grants. Shelter support is being provided in terms of low-cost houses to the extremely poor households who live in thatched huts and require shelter. Some 5,284 low-cost houses have been initiated, whereas 4,161 houses constructed.

After the 2010 flood, the regular interventions of the UCBPRP were temporarily suspended, and with the support of the provincial government, relief and rehabilitation work was started with special focus on providing shelter to the flood survivors. Construction of over 6,000 houses has been completed in different areas of the province’s three districts.

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Whoops! Poor sanitation costs country Rs 343bn yearly

Posted on April 20, 2012 by Amar

Amar Guriro
KARACHI – The total economic impact of inadequate sanitation in Pakistan amounts to a loss of Rs 343.7 billion and these economic impacts are the equivalent of about 3.9 percent of Pakistan’s gross domestic product (GDP).

This was disclosed in a detailed report under the title ‘The economic impacts of inadequate sanitation in Pakistan’ issued by the Water & Sanitation Programme (WSP), a multi-donor partnership administered by the World Bank. Conducted by the WSP, the study was carried on evidence-based research to help advocacy in the sanitation sector and was aimed to empirically estimate the economic impacts of the current poor sanitary conditions in Pakistan as well as the economic benefits of options for improved conditions.
The study calculated that in Pakistan, 50.1 percent of households have access to improved toilets, of which 55.8 percent have a sewer connected to a flush toilet, and 29.1 percent have a flush toilet connected to a septic tank.
It was also found that the total population, approximately 50 million people (31 percent) defecate in the open, and an estimated 8 million people (5 percent) use shared toilets.
National figures hide rural-urban disparities. While 90 percent of the urban population have access to improved sanitation (the kind that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact), this compares with just 40 percent of the rural population. The study states that in the rural areas, 45 percent of the population still practices open defecation.
All these data indicate the degree of inadequate sanitary conditions that expose the population to faecal-oral diseases, due to which the total economic cost of poor sanitation for the year 2006 was estimated at Rs 343.7 billion, which is equivalent to 3.94 percent of the GDP in Pakistan.
Of this cost, Rs 69.52 billion constitutes the direct financial cost, which is equivalent to 0.8 percent of the GDP.
Health impacts account for the vast majority of the total economic costs and constitute 87.16 percent of the total quantified economic costs, equating to the equivalent of 3.43 percent of the GDP.
The total economic impact on health is estimated to cost Rs 299.55 billion, of which Rs 48.76 billion represents financial costs, the study disclosed.
The study’s ultimate goal is to provide policymakers at both national and local levels with evidence to justify larger investments in improving the sanitary conditions in the country.
It also provides recommendations, again based on empirical evidence, for effectively planning and implementing sustainable sanitary and hygiene programmes.
In Pakistan, the deterioration of environment continues to harm the livelihoods and health of the people, increasing the vulnerability of the nation’s poorer citizens.
It has long been clear that lack of access to clean water and sanitation facilities has a wide variety of impacts.
However, the data and evidence needed to verify the size of the burden imposed on the people of Pakistan are limited.
As a result, investment in the water and sanitation sector remains well below what is required to ensure a basic minimum of services for the population.
Indeed, Pakistan’s population is projected to grow by more than 2.9 percent a year, which means an additional 4 million people each year who would require additional clean water and sanitation facilities.
In the study, the health impacts are included based on well-established links between sanitation and disease incidence.
Water impacts are deemed important because poor sanitation is one of the causes of water pollution that, in turn, leads to costly aversive behaviour by households seeking clean water.
Other welfare impacts are included as well, such as the productivity lost at work and in schools in the absence of convenient sanitary facilities when people must spend extra time accessing distant facilities.
Finally, the study added that tourism is included in the study because poor sanitation facilities could influence a country’s attractiveness as a tourist destination.
The analysis has interpreted sanitation to comprise activities related to human waste, particularly excreta. In measuring impacts, it has used standard peer-reviewed methodologies.
‘Make sanitation and water for all a reality’

Pakistan is one of the 57 countries currently most off track in meeting its sanitation Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) target to halve the proportion of people without access to adequate sanitation.
On current trends, Pakistan is due to halve the number of people lacking sanitation services by 2025, missing the MDG sanitation target by a decade, according to a new report released by the international aid agency WaterAid. According to the latest figures released by the UNICEF and WHO, only 48 percent of the population has access to safe sanitation in Pakistan. The MDG target for Pakistan is to ensure that 64 percent of its people have access to improved sanitation by 2015.
The report titled ‘Saving Lives’ comes as 70 finance and sector ministers from governments around the world, including Pakistan, prepare to attend the ‘Sanitation and Water for All: High Level Meeting (HLM)’ on Friday (today) in Washington DC, USA. In a statement issued on Thursday, Siddique Khan, Country Representative of WaterAid in Pakistan, said, “The Washington meeting is crucial to turning a corner on providing essential lifesaving access to safe sanitation and water. Our government and the international community must grasp this opportunity to act in response to the crisis of lost lives.”
The WaterAid report also said that the lives of 2.5 million people around the world would be saved if everyone had access to safe water and adequate sanitation.
According to the report, “There are more people in the world today without sanitation than there were in 1990” and “the poor quality of sanitation and lack of access to safe drinking water causes 1.4 million child deaths every year due to diarrhoea, and these deaths are preventable.”
The government of Pakistan acknowledged the sanitation crisis in South Asia at the fourth South Asian Conference on Sanitation in April 2011 and again at the 17th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation summit in November.
Abdul Hafeez, Programme Manager for Policy and Advocacy of WaterAid in Pakistan, said, “The 2012 HLM provides an opportunity to reinforce commitments made in 2010 and recent regional forums. We are urging the government to honour its commitments to improving water and sanitation and to demonstrate leadership by targeting resources to poor and marginalised people, developing robust monitoring systems to ensure the effectiveness of investments, and to promote learning and innovation.”
Hafeez also urged donors to prioritise and engage in basic sanitation. This is only possible by developing strong partnership with governments, donors, civil society and communities.
The Sanitation and Water for All meeting in Washington would bring together 100 ministers and delegates from over 50 countries to discuss the water and sanitation crisis.
Participating governments have to bring pledges to the table on increasing access to water and sanitation for the next two years; donor governments also have to provide commitments ahead of the meeting.

Pakistan Today

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Is there no end to Karachi violence?

Posted on April 12, 2012 by Amar

Karachi violence www.amarguriro.com

Amar Guriro

KARACHI – It was early morning on a day in the last week of the previous month. Everything seemed quite calm in Karachi.

Most of the people across Pakistan think that since Karachiites sleep late, they wake up late as well, but majority of the people in the metropolitan always wake up early.

Before the appearance of school-going children, who are usually carrying overloaded backpacks and sitting inside caged vans rushing to school, sweepers of the municipality were sweeping the streets.

All of a sudden, television channels broke the news: “Two Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM) men were killed in PIB Colony.”

Within no time, television channels started showing burning of minibuses and other vehicles, and all the shopkeepers who open their shops early returned to their houses midway. Nearly 42 cars, buses and rickshaws were set ablaze that day and another wave of violence, which had paused after the Supreme Court’s intervention, started once again.

Residents of this city, who usually remain prepared for any unpleasant situation by stocking enough ration and food items, once again confined themselves to their houses. With eight more people being killed overnight until the last evening of March, the death toll had reached 15 in the first wave of the notorious targeted killing incidents in Karachi. And during this spell of bloodbath, the total death toll in the city had reached 83 until the time this story was filed.

Karachi violence, strike www.amarguriro.com

Though the city started returning to normalcy this month after a week-long wave of violence that started with the killing of two people, there is still tension everywhere. Beside the deaths, several people were also injured; hundreds of vehicles were burnt during the three days of mourning.Pakistan’s commercial hub observed wheel-jam and complete shutter-down strikes for around four days.It is now assumed by the general public that peace in Karachi is a pause between two waves of violence that has now become the identity of this city.

It is not new for Karachi to witness hundreds of, what local newspapers term, “waves of violence” in the past two decades. Violence in Karachi has a long history that has existed in the city long before the “Talibanisation of Karachi” debate. Last year, according to a Human Rights Commission of Pakistan report, Karachi experienced an exceptionally high level of violence and around 1,300 citizens were killed in the city.

I once asked my foreign friend what she knows about Pakistan, and she promptly replied, “Drone attacks, Taliban, television anchors and targeted killings.” Karachi’s term of “targeted killing”, which is a typical phrase for the shootings by gunmen who roll away on motorcycles, has reached national notoriety now. But the worst are the incidents that start right after any incident of targeted killing. Until a few days before the recent wave of violence, there were several political events – an enormous public gathering in Karachi by the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), one by the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Fazl), a huge gathering by those who believe in jihad under the title “Difa-e-Pakistan Council”, one by former army chief Pervez Musharraf, the extraordinary gathering of women by the MQM, and the recent freedom march of a large number of members of the Jeay Sindh Qaumi Mahaz – that remained peaceful and the general public assumed that all these political parties have now learnt to tolerate each other.

But the general assumption became a time-check between news bulletins, roaring Kalashnikovs, rushing ambulances carrying bodies and issuance of statements by different political leaders against one other. Everything was still the same.Karachi is the city of the helpless, where common citizens, political parties, police, Rangers and the entire government machinery is helpless; even journalists and the most powerful media houses feel helpless when it comes to Karachi violence. It is sad to watch the largest city of Pakistan – which contributes the largest chunk in the national revenue and also provides jobs and shelter to Pakistanis from every nook and corner of the country and even to those coming from across the borders – entangled in a bloody mess called “targeted killings”.

Everybody knows and no one would name who is behind these incidents. Despite tall claims made by the government, these target-killers are not arrested. Recently, Interior Minister Rehman Malik claimed that some of these target-killers had been arrested. He announced that these killers would be exposed on television channels and be publicly punished so that no one else could ever imagine getting involved in such incidents, but all his promises are yet to come true. Common citizens, lawyers, rickshaw and bus drivers, shopkeepers, policemen, journalists and even women and children in Karachi have fallen prey to these notorious incidents of targeted killing.

Apart from bhatta (extortion), personal enmities, tug of war between land grabbers, and sectarian, political and ethnic bifurcation, Karachi has now several other reasons behind these incidents. Right after the previous wave of violence in the city, the Supreme Court of Pakistan took suo motu notice and started a month-long hearing and directed police authorities and the Sindh High Court (SHC) to send reports on the city situation on a daily basis.

During the hearing on Karachi violence, authorities informed the court of several reasons behind these targeted killings.The Sindh inspector general of police (IGP) told the court that 40 percent of the police officials had been recruited on political grounds. He also complained about the lack of personnel to maintain the security of the city. The IGP stated that presently, the total strength of the police force is 32,524, of which approximately 12,000 are performing security duties, including 8,000 deployed for VIPs and only 20,000 personnel of the police force are left for the purpose of policing of 18 million people in Karachi.

The court was also told that more than 30 groups – including the ruling Pakistan People’s Party (PPP), the MQM, the Awami National Party (ANP), the Jamaat-e-Islami and even banned outfits and religious parties like the Sunni Tehreek – are involved in extortion and those who do not pay the extortion money, fall victim to these incidents. The Supreme Court was also informed that there are more than 3 million illegal migrants living in the provincial capital city of Karachi, who are also involved in these incidents.

Malik again announced that each of these immigrants would be registered at the police stations and all of them would be sent to their respective countries. But the people of Karachi rarely believe Malik. These illegal immigrants comprise Bengalis and Bihrais that have held huge rallies in the city and demanded that they be issued national identity cards and citizenship. Pervez Musharraf, Javed Hashmi and even the MQM support their demand, whereas Sindhi nationalists harshly rejected their demand and said that they should be sent back, as their presence would turn Sindhis into a minority

The SHC chief justice was asked by the Supreme Court to keep an eye on the Karachi situation and take action if there is any violence in the city. The SHC has taken suo motu action over the killing spree in the port city of Karachi and has asked the law-enforcement agencies to submit a report on the prevalent lawlessness.

The chief justice of the SHC has asked the Sindh IGP and the director general of the Pakistan Rangers-Sindh to submit their report on the killings. So, now law-enforcement in Karachi is not the responsibility of only police and Rangers, but also of the judiciary.

The ruling PPP government always claimed that these incidents of targeted killings are conspiracies against the democratic government of the PPP and the provincial government has held All Parties Conferences (APCs) many times since 2008.

During these APCs, which was attended by almost all political parties, a code of conduct was drawn that directs parties to remove their flags from the city, erase provoking wall-chalking and graffiti, and not to issue any statement that harms the peace of the city. All participants agreed on that, but practically, all of them are involved in violating the code of conduct.

Right after every wave of violence in the city, the MQM blames the PPP for supporting the People’s Amn Committee and says that the ANP and the Mohajir Qaumi Movement-Haqiqi are behind the incidents, whereas the PPP, ANP and Haqiqi hold MQM responsible for these incidents.

Some political analysts are of the view that the MQM wants a portfolio for the newly-elected Senator Mustafa Kamal and the ANP wants to see its Sindh chief Senator Shahi Syed in the federal government as a minister, so both parties are mounting pressure on the PPP government with violence in Karachi.

If the PPP government were to give any of them a portfolio in the federal government, it would have to provide the other with the same portfolio, and that the PPP cannot afford to do anymore.

There are independent reports that the Amn Committee, the ANP and the Haqiqi are going to make an undeclared alliance, comprising Pashtuns, Mohajirs, Sindhis and Baloch, ahead of the next election to give a tough time to the MQM.

In return, the MQM has demanded a ban on Haqiqi; and independent analysts are of the view that the MQM wants to put pressure on the government to send a message that such efforts would not be tolerated.

Those who have a long experience of the Karachi situation are of the view that the recent violence in Karachi is the result of wars between those who want to keep the status quo and those who want to break it.

Some politicians like PPP’s Zulfiqar Mirza and PTI’s Imran Khan have always remained very vocal on the Karachi situation and they publicly allege the MQM to be responsible for every wave of violence. But they, too, are silent now.

Due to his bold statements, Khan was banned twice from entering Karachi and abusive slogans against him also appeared on every wall in the city in the past. But independent sources said that PTI’s public gathering in Karachi was supported by the MQM, so he is now silent over the recent violence. As for Mirza, it is said that he made his famous speech on someone’s “directives” and the same directives are now saying him to keep silent.

These “targeted killings” are not just limited to the MQM and the ANP. Almost every political and non-political group in Karachi has lost, or claimed of losing, members. How long would these targeted killings haunt the Karachiites? No one has the answer, for sure.

Pakistan Today

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